Innovative CuLaSe2 and ZnCuLaSe2 quantum dots: advancing quantum dot sensitized solar cell applications

Abstract The utilisation of quantum dots (QDs) as promising materials for next-generation photovoltaics is a recent development. The optical properties of QDs can undergo tuning, and they enhance energy conversion efficiencies. In this study, CuLaSe 2 and Zn-doped CuLaSe 2 (ZnCuLaSe 2 ) QDs, specifically tailored for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs). These QDs, which are environmentally friendly as they are free of toxic Cd and Pb elements, exhibit adjustable energy band gaps and improved photoluminescence quantum yields. The incorporation of Zn into CuLaSe 2 QDs led to a significant blue shift in optical properties and enhanced photovoltaic performance. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) achieved was 2.52% for ZnCuLaSe 2 QDs, compared to 1.94% for CuLaSe 2 QDs. This improvement is attributed to Zn doping, which enhances charge separation, suppresses surface trap states, and facilitates better electron transfer by modifying the energy band alignment. The synthesis methods have been developed in such a way that they are scalable, and are also compatible with low-cost, eco-friendly production processes; this underscores their feasibility for industrial applications. It can be concluded that the present study fulfills a vital function within the global energy research landscape by identifying two QDs that have the potential to be key components in advancing photovoltaic technology.