Uncertainty Quantification Using Ensemble Learning and Monte Carlo Sampling for Performance Prediction and Monitoring in Cell Culture Processes

ABSTRACT Biopharmaceutical products, particularly monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), have gained prominence in the pharmaceutical market due to their high specificity and efficacy. As these products are projected to constitute a substantial portion of global pharmaceutical sales, the application of machine learning models in mAb development and manufacturing is gaining momentum. This paper addresses the critical need for uncertainty quantification in machine learning predictions, particularly in scenarios with limited training data. Leveraging ensemble learning and Monte Carlo simulations, our proposed method generates additional input samples to enhance the robustness of the model in small training datasets. We evaluate the efficacy of our approach through two case studies: predicting antibody concentrations in advance and real‐time monitoring of glucose concentrations during bioreactor runs using Raman spectra data. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in estimating the uncertainty levels associated with process performance predictions and facilitating real‐time decision‐making in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. This contribution not only introduces a novel approach for uncertainty quantification but also provides insights into overcoming challenges posed by small training datasets in bioprocess development. The evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of our method in addressing key challenges related to uncertainty estimation within upstream cell cultivation, illustrating its potential impact on enhancing process control and product quality in the dynamic field of biopharmaceuticals.