Management of Choledocholithiasis: Current Surgical Practices, Techniques, and Next Steps

Abstract Purpose of review Gallstone disease has been steadily increasing in prevalence and is a significant health burden across the United States. Choledocholithiasis, which is identified in 10–20% of patients with cholelithiasis, is also increasing in prevalence. In the past several decades, numerous advancements have been made in the diagnosis and management of benign obstructions of the common duct, aiming to improve patient outcomes and minimize morbidity and mortality. Recent findings Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) at the time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy are both techniques that can address choledocholithiasis. While ERCP has become the dominant treatment paradigm, there is now a renewed interest in LCBDE. Summary This review aims to discuss the current treatment and examines recent shifts in managing choledocholithiasis, encompassing diagnostic modalities, therapeutic approaches, and emerging techniques along with encouraging increased surgical education for performing LCBDE.