Competency Checklists and Education Recommender Programs: Training Smart City Managers

The competencies of smart city managers are crucial for successful smart city initiatives. This study aims to identify the competencies required for smart city managers and develop a checklist to measure the competency levels, ultimately aiding in the creation of a recommender system for educational programs. Using Delphi with an expert group, we identified five main competencies and fourteen sub-competencies essential for smart city managers, resulting in a 36-item checklist. The approach was validated through interviews with international experts. This study enhances the understanding of smart city management education and suggests avenues for further development of personalized educational recommender systems.