OPTIMIZATION OF THE CONDITIONS OF ULTRASONIC EXTRACTION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM THE LEAVES OF HERACULUM SOSNOWSKYI MANDEN. USING WATER-ETHANOL MIXTURES

The ever-increasing needs of society for biologically active substances (BAS) of plant origin determine the search for promising sources of their production. Biologically active substances of plant origin have medicinal properties, which is associated with their great physiological activity. BAS are analogues of synthetic drugs and are used in the pharmacological industry. The accumulation of biologically active substances in plants under extreme conditions established in many works justifies their study in northern conditions. Sosnovsky's hogweed (Heracléum sosnówskyi Manden.) is a large herbaceous plant that contains a large complex of biologically active substances. Despite the fact that it is on the list of weeds and dangerous plants, some of its metabolites can still find application in the development of new medical and veterinary drugs against vitiligo, nested baldness, baldness, psoriasis, as well as having antimicrobial and fungicidal properties. At the same time, at present, the features of the metabolism of hogweed in the conditions of the Far North have not been studied enough. To accumulate data on the study of these features, it is necessary to select suitable methods and parameters for the extraction of biologically active substances and optimal conditions for screening the analysis of various groups of biologically active substances in the organs of hogweed for a quick and accurate assessment of their content. The aim of the study was to select the optimal conditions for hydroalcoholic ultrasonic extraction of polyphenolic compounds, flavanoids and antioxidant activity from the leaves of Sosnovsky's hogweed, which grows in the conditions of the Murmansk region. Using one-way optimization, it was found that the optimal extraction time was 90 minutes, the ethanol concentration was 80%, and the ultrasound power was 100%. Using the Box-Behnken algorithm, the optimal conditions for hydroalcoholic ultrasonic extraction of polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, as well as antioxidant activity from the leaves of Sosnowski's hogweed were selected: temperature – 30 °C, ethanol concentration 80%, raw material to extractant ratio – 1 : 24, time – 90 min, providing the maximum yield of polyphenolic compounds (%), flavonoids (%), antioxidant activity (%). The regression equation was calculated, reflecting the dependence of the yield of polyphenols and flavonoids on the extraction factors.