STUDY OF THE COMPLEX OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN THE LEAVES OF MICHURIN CHOKEBERRY (ARONIA×MITSCHURINII A.K. SKVORTSOV & MAITUL) AND SEA BUCKTHORN (HIPPOPHAES RHAMNOIDES L.)

In recent years, the method of IR spectroscopy has found application in studying the quality of food and medicinal plant raw materials (MPRM). In particular, in the near-infrared region, as a non-destructive analysis method, the method is used to monitor the accumulation of biologically active substances (BAS) in plants at their cultivation sites. The presence of specific bands caused by the presence of target groups of biologically active substances in the raw material, as well as their intensity, allows us to scientifically substantiate the readiness of the raw material for collection. This facilitates the production of standard batches of MP and medicinal herbal preparations (MHP) based on it. The purpose of this study was to study the complex of biologically active substances in the leaves of Aronia ×mitschurinii A.K. Skvortsov & Maitul and sea buckthorn (Hippophaes rhamnoides L.) using the method of Fourier transform IR spectroscopy. The work investigated the dynamics of the accumulation of polyphenolic biologically active substances (flavonoids, tannins and anthocyanin compounds) in the leaves of chokeberry Michurin and sea buckthorn. It was found that the highest content of flavonoids is observed in the leaves of the studied plants in the early stages of their development, harvested in mid-June, sharply decreasing by mid-July and then gradually decreasing by the end of August - beginning of September. The content of anthocyanins in the leaves of Michurina chokeberry is quite high during all periods of harvesting, showing maximum values in raw materials harvested at the stage of the beginning of leaf reddening in September. From the point of view of the accumulation of tannins, it is maximum in raw materials prepared at the stage of flowering of the plant (Michurin chokeberry) or fruit formation (sea buckthorn). When comparing the spectra of the studied leaf samples at different stages of development, their significant similarity was found in the region of stretching and deformation vibrations: bands of strong and medium intensity at 2960–2850; 1750–1730; 1460–1410; 1380–1300 cm-1, which indicates the presence of aromatic compounds in the raw material, including a phenolic structure. Using IR spectroscopy, it was established that molecules of biologically active substances of polyphenolic nature in the studied drug interact with each other to form polyassociates via hydrogen bonds.