Comparative Analysis of Salivary Alpha-Amylase Enzyme Concentrations in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis

Aims of the study: Assess and compare the levels of salivary alpha-amylase enzyme and the state of periodontal health by measuring various clinical periodontal parameters such as plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). This evaluation will be conducted on different study groups and we will also examine the correlation between the levels of alpha-amylase salivary enzyme and the clinical periodontal parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 participants, ranging in age from 25 to 65, were observed in this cross-sectional study. The participants were divided into three groups based on their periodontal health: 50 individuals with periodontitis (stage II and III, grade B), 50 rheumatoid arthritis patients (male and female), and 50 subjects with a clinically healthy periodontium and good overall medical health. Salivary alpha-amylase enzyme levels, GI, BOP, PPD, and CAL were recorded for all attendees.Results: The findings demonstrated substantial disparities between the study and control groups in terms of clinical periodontal measures, including CAL, BOP score 1, GI, PLI, and PPD. The group with the greatest average levels of alpha-amylase is Rheumatoid arthritis with periodontitis (stage II and III) (145.13), whereas the control group has the lowest average value of amylase (77.32). The link between alpha-amylase and clinical periodontal parameters was shown to be virtually significant and positively correlated in three groups.Conclusion: The evaluation of the amount of alpha-amylase in the saliva is believed to be an excellent biological indication for predicting the development of periodontal disease in individuals who are suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, this provides a solid notion of the influence that systemic illness has on the periodontal tissues.