THE EVOLUTION OF THEMES AND STYLE IN KAZAKH LITERATURE: A COMPARISON OF THE LITERATURE OF THE 1920S AND 1930S AND MODERN KAZAKH LITERATURE

The literary works from Kazakhstan during the 1920s and 1930s, as well as current writing, signify two crucial phases in the evolution of the nation's cultural legacy, exhibiting distinct topics and styles. For the purpose of this study, 'modern Kazakh literature' refers to literary works produced during the post-Soviet period, approximately from the 1990s to the present day. This timeframe marks a significant shift in Kazakh literary themes, moving from Soviet ideological narratives to more diverse and globalized influences. Authors of this period explore topics such as national identity, globalization, and technological change. The purpose of this study is to determine how themes and genres changed in both contemporary and Soviet-era Kazakh literature. Its main objectives are to investigate how literary works are shaped by historical and political circumstances and how literature reshapes national identity. The research has both scientific and practical relevance because it sheds light on Kazakhstan's cultural development through literary works, facilitating a better understanding of the nation's past and present. The investigation demonstrates how literature has changed Kazakhs' perceptions. The research methodology is based on the literary examination of modern Kazakh literature as well as works from the 1920s and 1930s, incorporating literary textual study with aspects of historical and cultural background. The primary conclusions show that whereas modern writers tackle issues of personal freedom, globalization, and the preservation of national identity, writing from the 1920s and 1930s concentrated on collectivization, revolutionary changes, and class struggle. This research is valuable because it sheds light on how Kazakhstan's literary works reflect the political and social evolution of the nation and advances our understanding of historical and cultural shifts in the country. The findings can be applied to research and educational settings to examine Kazakh literature and culture and to learn more about Kazakhstan's changing cultural landscape.