Gaps in enhanced recovery after liver surgery literature: Consideration of social determinants of health

ERAS protocols are standardized perioperative guidelines that were created to improve perioperative outcomes, decrease complications and reduced costs. The earliest protocol was introduced for patients undergoing colonic surgery. Since then, ERAS protocols have been developed for other surgeries, including liver surgery in 2016. These protocols encompass a range of recommendations, such as preoperative smoking and alcohol cessation, optimization of nutritional status, prophylactic nasogastric intubation, postoperative artificial nutrition, and early oral intake, among others.