Rare case of inverted papilloma with early squamous cell dysplasia: A unique clinical encounter

The case presented involves a patient with an irregular pinkish mass protruding from the left nasal cavity into the nasopharynx. Radiological investigation using a CT scan revealed a soft tissue mass in the left nasal cavity, with bony septal destruction, erosion of the left lateral nasal wall and turbinates, and blockage of the osteomeatal complex, leading to secondary sinusitis in the maxillary, ethmoidal, and sphenoid sinuses. The patient underwent a successful surgical excision and left unilateral functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The excised tissue was sent for histopathological examination, which confirmed the diagnosis of inverted papilloma with moderate to severe dysplasia and early invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The histopathology slides revealed endophytic growth of epithelial nests with smooth contours, keratin whorls, and dense chronic inflammatory infiltrates in the stroma. Inverted papillomas are usually benign but can progress to malignancy in 7-16% of cases, particularly in the maxillary, frontal, and frontoethmoidal regions.