Diagnosis and Control of Johne's disease in Jaffarabadi buffaloes

Johne’s disease, scientifically known as paratuberculosis, is a persistent and chronic condition affecting the intestines of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). This condition particularly impacts valuable livestock, including buffaloes and cattle. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of Johne’s disease in five Jaffarabadi buffaloes, which are prized for their high milk yield. These animals had been identified with symptoms such as chronic diarrhea, significant weight loss, and a sharp drop in milk production, all of which prompted diagnostic testing. Faecal samples and rectal biopsies were taken, with Ziehl-Neelsen staining revealed the characteristic acid-fast bacilli of MAP. A rapid lateral flow test for MAP antibodies was also employed for confirmatory diagnosis. The affected buffaloes were isolated without any effective treatment available, and culling was recommended to prevent further transmission. This study underlines the critical need for early diagnosis, prompt isolation, and strategic herd management to combat Johne's disease and protect herd productivity.