A Comprehensive Study of the Impact and Position of Trade Liberalization on Women's Working Lives and the Glass Ceiling Perception in Various Economic Sectors

This study examines the impact of trade liberalization on women's working lives using data from 74 selected countries around the world and based on the generalized momentum method (GMM) over the period 1990-2006. The results indicate that trade liberalization in developing countries leads to a decrease in women's participation in the industrial sector and an increase in their participation in the service sector and agriculture. In developed countries, trade liberalization leads to an increase in women's participation in the service sector and a decrease in women's participation in the industrial and agricultural sectors.