Influence of climate change on irrigation demand: insights from one of the most agricultural regions in Italy (Puglia)

Abstract The increasing global demand for water, outpacing population growth, poses a critical challenge by intensifying concerns about water resource accessibility and exacerbating global water scarcity across various sectors. Ongoing global warming, changes in precipitation patterns, and the heightened frequency and severity of extreme weather events are significantly impacting agricultural systems. These impacts include alterations in growing cycles, crop yields, and the prevalence of pests and diseases. Focusing on the medium and long term, this study aimed to identify adaptation priorities to mitigate risks associated with water scarcity in the agricultural system of Puglia, one of Italy’s most agriculturally productive regions. To achieve this, an exhaustive review synthesized existing literature on water scarcity, analyzing the interactions among climate change, irrigation systems, and agricultural practices. By examining grey and peer-reviewed literature on Puglia’s water challenges for agriculture, the review critically assessed current irrigation practices, water management issues, and the ecological consequences of intensive irrigation across the region. The results outline both current and projected water scarcity for agriculture in Puglia, highlighting the areas already addressed and the potential implications. By providing a comprehensive understanding of existing studies that inform the relationship between water scarcity and irrigation systems in the region, this study aims to guide future strategies for sustainable water management in Puglia and other agricultural areas facing climate-induced challenges.