Energy Efficient Adaptive Bit‐Mapping Based Collision‐Free MAC Protocol for VANETs

ABSTRACT In the present work, an energy‐efficient medium access control (MAC) protocol is proposed for the adaptive data traffic condition in VANET. The proposed adaptive collision free MAC‐bit map assisted (ACFM‐BMA) protocol represents a significant advancement in vehicular communication systems by integrating strategies focused on electric vehicle (EV) battery levels and buffer status. This protocol optimizes communication efficiency and energy conservation through a holistic approach that considers the dynamic nature of both the vehicles' energy resources and their data buffering capabilities. By incorporating real‐time data about EV battery levels, the protocol ensures that communication tasks are scheduled in a manner that conserves energy, extending the operational lifespan of vehicles in the network. Additionally, the protocol takes into account the buffer status of each vehicle, preventing data congestion and loss and enhancing the reliability of data transmission. The integration of battery and buffer status information enables more efficient use of the communication channel, reducing idle times and improving overall throughput. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed based on overall vehicle density, the number of vehicles generating periodic data traffic, and the event occurrence probability of vehicles generating event data traffic. Three different scenarios are considered: low, medium, and high data traffic, corresponding to varying numbers of vehicles. The results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly conserves energy across all scenarios.