The Impact of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and Exercise on Cognitive Functions

Background: Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) have been used by millions of people worldwide to increase muscle mass or enhance sports performance. According to recent in vitro research, supraphysiologic AAS dosages may induce neuronal cell death. These results suggest that high-dose AAS users may eventually experience cognitive impairments, a potential that has reportedly not been investigated. Over the past ten years, scientific evidence based on neuroimaging techniques has shown how effective physical activity is at enhancing cognitive health across the human lifespan. Aerobic fitness improves the functionality of higher order brain areas involved in cognition regulation and prevents age-related brain tissue loss. People with higher levels of fitness or activity can focus more of their attention on their surroundings and process information faster. According to these findings, aerobic fitness improves cognitive processes that allow one to adapt to challenges more successfully and accomplish tasks more effectively. Conclusions: Cognitive impairments, particularly in visuospatial memory, may result after prolonged high-dose AAS exposure. Exercise seems to be a safe and efficient way to combat neurological and cognitive conditions.