Effect of Radiotherapy on the Mechanical and Chemical structure of Primary teeth enamel: In-Vitro study

Aim: This study aimed to assess the dental complications associated with radiotherapy in primary molars treated like oncological pediatric head and neck patients receiving irradiation treatment.Methods: Five primary molars were selected and assessed for microhardness, Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDXA), and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM). The molars were then embedded in acrylic blocks exposing the buccal surfaces. The molars were subjected to pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma radiotherapy regimen. The same tests were conducted to assess the mechanical and chemical structure after irradiation.Results: Radiotherapy treatment led to a decrease in surface microhardness and a reduction in the levels of phosphorus and fluoride within the enamel. However, there were no significant alterations in calcium (Ca) content or the Ca/P ratio of the enamel. Additionally, notable superficial morphological changes in the enamel were observed following irradiation.Conclusion: Radiotherapy negatively impacts the microhardness, chemical composition, and surface microstructure of the enamel in primary teeth.