Transhumanism in Ghost in the Shell: Does It Lead to Utopia or Dysantropia

The 21st century has initiated a redefinition of the human body through advancements incybernetics and biotechnology. The traditional notion of "human" has been significantlycontested, giving rise to the terms "posthuman" and "transhuman" as focal points ofphilosophical and scientific exploration. The term "Transhumanism" is first introduced byJulian Huxley in 1957 and the movement advocates for human enhancement by integratingvarious technologies to augment our capabilities. Some theorists contend that the transhumanrepresents a transitional phase in our evolutionary development, leading toward the posthumancondition, as posited by Max More. Literature represented the transhuman and the posthumanlong ago and tackled the potential results of the manifestations of these thoughts. This studyexplores the transhuman in Ghost in The Shell, a manga created by Masamune Shirow in 1991,further, it explores the human-transhuman relationship through the work. Finally, the currentstudy explores whether transhumanism leads to utopia or “dysantropia”.