Biochemical, Hematological and Immunological Influence of Toxoplasmosis and Neosporosis in Bovine Models From Delta, Egypt

The study was conducted to clarify the biochemical, hematological, and immunological effects of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii infection in water buffaloes and cows from the Delta region Egypt. Seventy-nine samples gathered from water buffaloes and 125 samples were collected from cows that were naturally infected or non-infected with Toxoplasma and/or Neospora in order to study the health impact of neosporosis and toxoplasmosis on bovines. In accordance with acute and chronic infections, the samples were categorized into 14 groups, with seven categories assigned to each animal variety. The biochemical parameters were significantly altered in toxoplasmosis and neosporosis, as evidenced by the activity of liver enzymes AST and ALT, as well as cholesterol, triglycerides, and urea. Furthermore, our findings indicated a substantial increase in the levels of interleukins (IL-5, IL-6, and IL-12), complement 3, and rheumatoid factor in certain infected groups when contrasted with the control group. Although there were no substantial differences in the levels of alpha fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen as tumour factors in comparison to the group of control. In relation to the group of control, haematological parameters measurements revealed a substantial increase in the total leucocytic count (TLC) and its differential cell counts (lymphocytes & eosinophils), as well as a substantial decrease in the red blood corpuscles (RBCs) count, haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, platelets count, and neutrophil relative count. In summary, the health of bovine animals was adversely affected by both toxoplasmosis and neosporosis, which may indicate a detrimental effect on the productivity and performance of such animals.