Design of ultra-wideband u-slot patch antenna-based on diversity polarization for 5G vehicle-to-vehicle radar applications

This paper presents a novel millimeter-wave (mm-wave) array antenna with a cut-corner double U-slot patch design, specifically engineered for automotive radar applications and UAV deployment in advanced Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication systems within 5G networks. The proposed antenna demonstrates excellent performance across the 23.8–32.6 GHz frequency range, addressing the critical requirements for both Short-Range Radar (SRR) and Medium-Range Radar (MRR) operating at 24 GHz and 28 GHz bands. The $ 1\times 4 $ 1×4 array configuration achieves remarkable performance with a simulated gain of 11.4 dB and measured gain of 11.07 dB, featuring horizontal and vertical beamwidths of 90 $ ^\circ $ ∘ and 25 $ ^\circ $ ∘ respectively. To enhance system reliability, the design incorporates diversity polarization techniques for channel interference reduction, while the innovative cut-corner double U-slot configuration significantly improves the axial ratio and bandwidth performance. Fabricated on Rogers 4003 substrate, the antenna demonstrates superior feed-line radiation suppression, making it ideal for compact high-frequency applications. Experimental results validate the design's effectiveness, showing cross-polarization improvement from −20 dB in simulation to −14 dB in measurements, confirming its suitability for robust V2X communication systems.