High-efficiency water use and process performance for bioproduction of trans-cinnamic acid

Increasing water scarcity, driven by population growth and climate change, necessitates the development of biomanufacturing processes that maximize water-use efficiency. This report illustrates the potential of biocatalyst and supernatant recycling in a decoupled bioprocess integrated with product removal systems for trans-cinnamic production using Pseudomonas putida KT2440 expressing RmXAL. With a biocatalyst concentration of 40 g_DCW L^{- 1} and an L-phenylalanine feed concentration of 35 g_L-phe L^{- 1} combined with product precipitation, the process achieved a titer of 143.00 g L^{- 1}, a production rate of 2.25 g L^{- 1} h^{- 1}, a yield of 1.50 g tCA g glucose^{- 1}, and a yield on L-phenylalanine of 0.64 g tCA g L-phe^{- 1}. Furthermore, this optimized approach substantially reduced water consumption and wastewater generation by 85% compared to standard production processes, promoting the principles of Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG) "Clean water and sanitation" and SDG 12 "Responsible production and consumption" thus enabling an industrial bioproduction platform to achieve better environmental and economic sustainability.