GYNECOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES IN SOUTH PUNJAB REGION OF PAKISTAN – A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

Background and Objectives: Gynecological malignancies, including cancers of the cervix, ovary, endometrium, and vulva, are significant contributors to morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. In Pakistan, particularly in the South Punjab region, there is a need for detailed epidemiological data to better understand the burden of these cancers and to guide public health interventions. Material & Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, at Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur from January 2022 to December 2023. A total of 300 female patients diagnosed with gynecological malignancies were included. Data were collected on demographics, clinical presentations, tumor types, stages at diagnosis, and treatment modalities. Histopathological diagnoses were confirmed through biopsy. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient characteristics, and frequencies of various malignancies were calculated. Results: The most common gynecological malignancy identified was cervical cancer, accounting for 40% of cases, followed by ovarian cancer (30%), endometrial cancer (20%), and vulvar cancer (10%). The majority of patients presented with advanced-stage disease (Stage III or IV), particularly for ovarian and cervical cancers. Treatment modalities varied, with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy being the most common approaches. Late-stage presentation and limited access to early screening were significant challenges observed in this population. Conclusion: Cervical and ovarian cancers are the most prevalent gynecological malignancies in South Punjab, with a high proportion of cases diagnosed at advanced stages. These findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced screening programs, early detection initiatives, and public awareness campaigns to reduce the burden of gynecological cancers in this region. Improved access to healthcare facilities and timely treatment can significantly improve patient outcomes.