The effect of insensitive agents-emulsifiers on the thermal hazard of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol was evaluated by DSC and thermokinetic methods

With the increasing application of energetic materials across various fields, their associated safety concerns have become prominent. 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, a compound containing three nitro groups, is particularly dangerous due to its unique chemical properties, yet there is limited research on effective methods to reduce its transportation and storage hazards and control its exothermic energy within a manageable range. This study proposes a novel method of modifying 2,4,6-trinitrophenol using a combination of wax-based blunting agents and emulsifiers. The compatibility of the modifications was confirmed using SEM, FTIR, and XPS, and the thermal decomposition processes of the modified samples were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and typical kinetic methods. A non-linear fitting method was utilized to verify the type of thermal decomposition of the modified samples. The results indicate that the MCW-Span80-TNP significantly reduces the heat release and hazard level of the samples, increases the apparent activation energy, and changes the decomposition process of TNP from autocatalytic reaction two n-order reactions, making the decomposition process more controllable. However, calculations of the thermal risk parameters TMR, TCL, and SADT reveal that the modified samples should be stored in packages of less than 5 kg and maintained at temperatures below 60?C to ensure stability and extend their shelf life.