Amelioration of pool boiling thermal performance utilizing GNP-TiO2 hybrid nanofluid

Hydrophobic graphene nanosheets were successfully modified with TiO2 to create a pure and stable nanoparticle. The resulting material exhibited improved heat transfer efficiency when used as nanofluid in pool boiling. We prepared graphene nanofluid, TiO2 nanofluid, and graphene-TiO2 hybrid nanofluid with varying concentrations to investigate their heat transfer characteristics. The heat transfer coefficient of graphene-TiO2 hybrid nanofluid is higher than that of water at the same heat flow density, especially in the low heat flow density region( below q = 4 ? 105 W/m2). Additionally, by employing a high speed camera, we observed that the hybrid nanofluid displayed shorter bubble generation periods and smaller bubble separation diameters. These findings highlight the exceptional heat transfer performance of the covalently modified and hybridized nanofluid. Overall, our comprehensive testing program confirms the enhanced heat transfer capabilities of this modified nanofluid, positioning it as a promising choice for various heat transfer applications.