Thyroid Status and Treatment Responses of Hypothyroid Infertile Women

Background: Hypothyroidism significantly affects female fertility by disrupting menstrual cycles, ovulation, and endometrial receptivity. Thyroid hormones regulate ovarian function, and their deficiency can impair reproductive outcomes. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment may improve fertility. This study aimed to assess thyroid status and treatment responses in hypothyroid infertile women receiving levothyroxine therapy. Methods: This hospital-based observational study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh, from January 2023 to July 2023. A total of 63 hypothyroid infertile women were recruited using a convenient purposive sampling technique. Thyroid function was evaluated through serum TSH, FT4, and FT3 levels. All participants received levothyroxine therapy, and treatment responses were assessed by monitoring thyroid hormone levels, menstrual cycle regularity, ovulation, and pregnancy outcomes. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: Among 63 hypothyroid infertile women, 51 (81.0%) achieved euthyroid status after levothyroxine therapy. Menstrual regularity improved in 48 (76.2%), and ovulation occurred in 43 (68.3%). Pregnancy was achieved in 27 (42.9%), with 21 (77.8%) resulting in ongoing pregnancies. Women with TSH <10 µIU/mL and normal BMI showed better treatment responses. Conclusion: Levothyroxine therapy improves thyroid function and fertility outcomes in hypothyroid infertile women. It enhances menstrual regularity, promotes ovulation, and increases pregnancy rates. Women with lower baseline TSH and normal BMI show better treatment responses. Early thyroid optimization plays a crucial role in improving reproductive health and pregnancy outcomes.