Diagnostic value of serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), IL-6, TNF-a, and IL-1b in preserving kidney function in diabetic renal cell carcinoma patients undergoing partial resection: A foc

DEX significantly mitigates renal damage in diabetic patients undergoing partial nephrectomy by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis and by inhibiting the TGF-b1/Smad pathway. These findings suggest its potential as a protective agent for high-risk surgical patients.