Role of chitosan nanoparticles in enhancing growth and yield of Toria (Brassica campestris)

Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) have gained significant attention in modern agriculture due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and potential to enhance crop productivity. In Brassica campestris (toria), CNPs have been reported to improve seed germination, nutrient uptake, and physiological parameters, ultimately leading to increased biomass accumulation, oil content, and yield attributes. Their role in enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant enzyme activity, and stress tolerance further underscores their importance in sustainable agriculture. CNPs function as bio stimulants by regulating hormonal pathways and mitigating abiotic stresses, thereby improving plant resilience. However, the effectiveness of CNPs is influenced by factors such as application method (foliar vs. soil amendment), concentration, and timing, which require optimization for maximum benefits. While CNPs offer promising advantages, challenges related to stability, bioavailability, potential toxicity, and environmental impacts must be carefully evaluated. Their long-term effects on soil health and non-target organisms remain a critical area for research. Overall, CNPs present a novel and eco-friendly approach to enhancing toria productivity, aligning with the principles of sustainable agriculture. Future research should focus on refining application strategies, assessing environmental safety, and developing standardized guidelines for large-scale implementation.