Histopathological Evaluation of Second-Degree Burn Healing in Wistar Rats Treated with Aloe vera and Snail Mucus Gel Formulations

Burns are complex dermatological injuries requiring innovative therapeutic approaches. This study tested the hypothesis that Snail Mucus and Aloe vera gel combinations could enhance the healing of second-degree burns more effectively than treatments using Bioplacenton as a comparative control. The experiment was conducted with 25 Wistar rats, divided into five groups, each treated with different gel formulations: 10% Aloe vera with 10%, 15%, and 20% Snail Mucus, a placebo, and Bioplacenton as the positive control. Second-degree burns were induced, and treatments were applied twice daily for 21 days. Healing progress was monitored through measurements of wound diameter and colour changes. Histopathological evaluation was carried out to see the presence of macrophages and fibroblasts and assess the number of fibroblasts, epithelialization, and expression of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-Beta (PDGF-BB). Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests to determine real differences. All Snail Mucus and Aloe vera gel formulations significantly accelerated wound healing compared to the placebo. The 20% Snail Mucus formulation exhibited the most rapid healing rates, comparable to the Bioplacenton control. Statistical analysis showed significant differences (p<0.05) in wound healing rates, increase in fibroblast activity, epithelialization and PDGF-BB expression between treated and control groups, with the highest concentration gel mirroring the positive control's efficacy. Snail Mucus and Aloe vera gels are potent agents in accelerating the healing of second-degree burns, with the 20% Snail Mucus formulation performing on par with Bioplacenton.