Assessment of floral diversity of woody tree species in Nandyal district of Andhra Pradesh

This study was conducted in the Nandyal district of Andhra Pradesh, India, with the aim of evaluating the floral diversity and species dominance within its forest ecosystem, a critical component of the region’s ecological framework. Trees in this semi-arid landscape play an indispensable role in sustaining biodiversity, regulating environmental conditions, and supporting local livelihoods dependent on forest resources. Through systematic surveys, a total of 56 tree species across 22 families were identified and recorded, culminating in the compilation of a comprehensive species checklist for the district. The Shannon diversity index, calculated at 1.36, indicates a moderate level of species richness and evenness, while the Simpson index of 0.97 reflects a well-balanced community structure with limited dominance by any single species. These metrics collectively highlight the ecological resilience of the area, despite its challenging climatic conditions. The findings illuminate the intricate relationship between floral diversity and species distribution, emphasizing their pivotal roles in maintaining ecosystem stability in Nandyal. Moreover, the study reveals the vulnerability of this semi-arid forest to anthropogenic pressures and climate variability, underscoring the pressing need for robust conservation strategies. Such measures are essential not only to preserve the existing biodiversity but also to enhance the ecosystem’s capacity to adapt to future environmental changes, ensuring the long-term sustainability of this vital natural resource.