Statistical Analysis of Temperature Effects on Brake Force and Efficiency in Vehicle Braking Systems: A Comprehensive Study

The vehicle braking system is critical for ensuring road safety, particularly under high-temperature conditions caused by friction during braking. Thermal stress in braking components leads to the degradation of friction materials, reducing braking efficiency and overall performance. Situations involving frequent or intense braking, such as on steep descents or at high speeds, elevate brake temperatures, decrease the friction coefficient, and result in longer stopping distances. Approximately 30% of accidents are linked to brake-related issues, with thermal effects being a major contributing factor. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of temperature on braking efficiency by analyzing performance at four operational temperatures: 30 °C, 100 °C, 150 °C, and 200 °C. Descriptive statistics summarized the data, while inferential analyses using ANOVA assessed the effects of temperature on braking performance. The findings showed a significant decline in efficiency, dropping from 75% at 30 °C to 35% at 200 °C, with a notable reduction observed between 100 °C and 150 °C. Box plot analysis highlighted consistent trends across temperature categories, and chi-square tests confirmed a significant relationship between elevated temperatures and decreased efficiency. These results emphasize the need for advanced brake materials and cooling mechanisms to improve thermal resilience. Future research should explore alternative materials, such as composites, and innovative cooling strategies to enhance braking performance under extreme conditions.