A Systematic framework for intradialytic stretching exercises for hemodialysis patients using the general system model of Ludwig von bertalanffy

This study presents a systematic framework for intradialytic stretching exercises aimed at improving the health and well-being of hemodialysis patients, based on Ludwig von Bertalanffy’s General Systems Theory. The framework integrates stretching exercises into the hemodialysis process, promoting physical activity while considering the holistic interaction between the patient's physiological and psychological systems. By utilizing a systems-based approach, the framework emphasizes the interdependence of body systems during dialysis, proposing a model for improving patient outcomes, enhancing mobility, and reducing complications commonly associated with long-term dialysis treatment.