Effect of Covid-19 pandemic on azithromycin, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin outpatient consumption in Brazil: a joinpoint regression analysis
The study provides substantial evidence on the relationship between COVID-19 incidence, political events, and the consumption of AZI, CQ/HCQ, and IVM during the pandemic in Brazil. The findings suggest that consumption trends were aligned with regional political affiliations and the COVID-19 incidence rates. These highlight the importance of political determinants of inappropriate medicine utilization that wastes scarce resources and increases the risk of adverse health outcomes and antimicrobial resistance.
Authors
- Isabel Cristina Martins Emmerick (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0383-2465)
- Vera Lúcia Luiza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6245-7522)
- Débora Castanheira
- Veronika J. Wirtz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-8768)
- Michele Costa Caetano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5696-8916)
- Mônica Rodrigues Campos
Institutions
- Boston University (US)
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (BR)
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (BR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- BMC Public Health
- Published
- 2025-04-03
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21712-9
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.40
Funders
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior