Typological similarities and differences between Russian and Vietnamese

The objective of this research is to identify and systematize typological similarities and differences between Vietnamese and Russian at the phonetic, morphological, lexical, and syntactic levels. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it is the first comprehensive comparative study of these languages. Unlike existing works, which typically focus on individual aspects of these languages, this study covers all major levels of linguistic structure. The results showed that, despite their different typological affiliations, Vietnamese and Russian possess both common features due to the universal laws of linguistic evolution and significant differences related to various types of linguistic structure. This requires special attention in the process of translation both from Russian into Vietnamese and vice versa. The results of the study not only broaden our understanding of the structural features of Russian and Vietnamese but also make a significant contribution to the theory of comparative and typological linguistics, offering new approaches to the analysis of interlingual interactions and translation difficulties.