Postural disorders in children. Modern views on classification, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation

The increase in the incidence of postural disorders among the modern pediatric population is due to socio-economic, environmental problems, lack of physical activity, lack of healthy lifestyle skills, and emotional overload in the course of everyday life. Postural changes lead to a decrease in the child's physical and functional capacity, which negatively affects his physical development and the ability to manifest individual physical qualities of life. The aim is highlightmodern views on classification, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitationPostural disorders in children. Violations of posture lead to the formation of structural deformations of the spine and pain syndromes with the realization of pathological motor and static stereotypes. Against this background, functional joint blockades and myofascial pain syndrome develop, which change the biomechanics of the spine, which contributes to the development of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the intervertebral discs and ligamentous-articular apparatus. That osteochondrosis, persistent pain syndrome, and the formation of herniated intervertebral discs, which occur in 60-80% of the adult working population and can lead to disability, develop in the future. In addition, posture disorders lead to changes in the topography of the thoracic and abdominal organs, insufficient excursion of the diaphragm and a decrease in the gradient of intrathoracic and intra-abdominal pressure, which negatively affects the functions of the respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous and central nervous systems. That posture is not innate, but is formed during the entire preschool period and is finally fixed at school age. Therefore, the problem of the earliest possible correction of its possible deviations and violations becomes obvious and urgent. The existing stages of the course of posture pathology indicate that the earlier its defects are identified and the causes that cause various deviations are eliminated, the easier it is to correct them. Conclusions. Therefore, congenital malformations of the spine and dysplastic scoliosis are an important problem of modern pediatrics and pediatric orthopedics due to the high risk of disability and impaired quality of life in the long term, which emphasizes the relevance and unsolved nature of the research topic and requires the further search for modern methods of diagnosis and correction , prevention and rehabilitation of pathology. The authors declare no conflict of interest.