Novgorod bishops during the Russian church turmoil in the 14th century

The article is devoted to the study of the consequences of the time of troubles in the Russian Metropolitanate for the Novgorod Archdiocese. The subject of the study is the activities of the Novgorod bishops during the years of troubles and their position in the struggle of various candidates for the Russian metropolitan throne. The relevance of this topic is that in historiography, the time of church troubles of the 14th century is usually considered from the position of its central participants (primarily Moscow), while other principalities and participants in the events remain without attention. This article, like a series of our other publications, is intended to fill this research gap. The article uses the following methods: synthesis of data obtained from various types of historical sources, historical-systemic, historical-comparative, as well as the principle of historicism. The purpose of the study is to consider the participation of Novgorod bishops Alexy and John in the events of the church troubles of the 14 th century. To achieve this goal, the author analyzed a set of historical sources and identified several stories illustrating the issue studied in the article. As a result of examining several subjects (the refusal of Novgorodians to accept Metropolitan Cyprian in 1377; the activities of Archbishop Dionysius in Veliky Novgorod and Pskov in 1382; disputes between the Novgorod Archbishop and Bishop Stefan (Khrap) of Perm over the jurisdiction of the newly formed Perm Diocese in 1385-1386; the refusal of Novgorodians from the Metropolitan Court of Appeal in 1385), the author identified the position of the Novgorod bishops during the time of troubles in the Russian Metropolitanate. The results of the study may be useful in further studying the regional aspect of the history of the Russian Church and the history of church-state relations in the 14th century.