Mechanism and Prospects of Genistein in Cancer Treatment

Background: Novel and effective cancer therapies have become increasingly important in the current cancer studies and their management scenario. The global burden of cancer continues to intensify, highlighting the urgent need for ground-breaking interventions that exceed the limitations of current approaches. The potential exercise of biological compounds in cancer therapy attracts new captivating areas of scientific interest. Objective: This review highlights the critical areas for further research and clinical development of genistein. It offers an in-depth overview of the present knowledge of genistein';s potential as an anticancer agent. Methods: We gathered manuscripts in the field of genistein, a wonder phytocompound used in various cancer treatments, from different sources such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google. We collected, read, and examined a total of 236 manuscripts. Out of those, eighty-three were deemed applicable and taken into consideration for the present manuscript. Results: Soy-derived isoflavone genistein inhibits cancer in multiple ways. It blocks cancer-promoting signaling pathways like PI3K/Akt and MAPK via apoptosis and cell cycle termination. Genistein alters estrogen receptor interactions, which can affect tissue estrogenic or anti-estrogenicity. This mechanism may explain the success of genistein in hormone-related malignancies, including breast, prostate, and other cancers. Conclusion: Genistein';s multiple modes of action and encouraging preclinical and clinical evidence suggest it could reform cancer treatment across tumor types. However, more research is necessary to optimize dosing regimens, understand resistance mechanisms, and develop effective clinical interventions.