The Role of Extracellular ATP in the Regulation of Functional Cell Activity

Search for and analysis of scientific articles in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, eLibrary databases for 2000–2024 was performed. The articles were selected based on the presence of information on the concentration of extracellular ATP in healthy and pathologic tissues, mechanisms of purinergic regulation of cell function, expression on the cell surface of ectonucleotidases CD73 and CD39, which regulate the catabolism of pro-inflammatory extracellular ATP to immunosuppressive adenosine. The review presents modern data on the role of extracellular ATP in the regulation of cell tissue in health and disease, as well as during inflammation and the formation of cellular and humoral immune response. The review touches upon the mechanisms of purinergic signaling from extracellular ATP, which may be important for drug development for the treatment of various diseases, including neoplasms, neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases.