Design and Characterization of Buccal Patch Containing Extracts of Ailanthus excelsa and Tridax procumbens for the Treatment of Inflammation

Inflammation is a natural immune response, but chronic inflammation can lead to various diseases, including arthritis, cardiovascular disorders, and autoimmune conditions. Ailanthus excelsa and Tridax procumbens possess anti-inflammatory properties, making them valuable for medicinal use. This study develops and evaluates buccal patches incorporating their extracts for inflammation management. Extracts were characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR, and DSC analyses, confirming compatibility with excipients. Buccal Patches, formulated using HPMC, PVA, and glycerol, were optimized via Central Composite Design and evaluated for mechanical and drug release properties. UV-Vis spectroscopy identified absorption peaks at 254 nm and 240 nm, while FTIR analysis confirmed functional groups indicative of a complex organic composition. DSC analysis revealed phase transitions at 96.34°C and 339.48°C, ensuring thermal stability. FTIR and DSC studies showed no significant interactions between extracts and excipients, confirming formulation stability. Optimized patches, formulated with HPMC K100, PVA, and glycerol, exhibited tensile strength between 0.567 to 0.987 kg/cm² and drug release of 85.74% to 97.21%. Statistical analysis confirmed polymer concentration's impact on mechanical properties and drug release. In conclusion, the study successfully developed extract-loaded buccal patches with optimal mechanical strength and controlled drug release, highlighting their potential as an efficient drug delivery system. Future research should focus on in vivo evaluation, long-term stability, and patient adherence for clinical applications.