Phytochemical Characterization and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antiinflammatory, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activities of Nigella sativa Based Nanoemulgel (NEGIS)

This study looks at the physicochemical and therapeutic aspects of Nigella sativa gel (NEGIS) enhanced with Nigella sativa oil and nanoparticles. FTIR examination demonstrated the existence of OH, CH, C=O, and aromatic groups, representing bioactive and nanoparticle interactions. The UV-Visible spectroscopy revealed an absorption peak at 262 nm (1.38 absorbance), confirming the existence of bioactive chemicals and nanoparticle stability. The zeta potential analysis yielded a value of -4.6 mV, representing minimal colloidal stability. The antioxidant assays showed moderate action, with IC50 values of 680.23µL/mL (ABTS) and 405.13µL/mL (DPPH). Anti-inflammatory investigation utilizing protein denaturation and HRBC membrane stabilisation assays revealed that NEGIS was as effective as Diclofenac Sodium and Aspirin, with peak inhibitory values of 70.25% and 82.79%, correspondingly. Antibacterial testing found inhibition zones of up to 16 mm, while antifungal tests demonstrated action against Candida albicans (10 mm) and Aspergillus niger (8 mm). These findings suggest that NEGIS possesses promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal activities, representing its potential as a multifunctional therapeutic agent for numerous biomedical applications.