Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities, and Toxicology of <i>Trevesia</i> Vis. (Araliaceae) with a Focus on <i>Trevesia palmata</i> : Review

Trevesia Vis. species are small evergreen trees belonging to the family Araliaceae that occur naturally throughout Asia. The multiple parts of Trevesia species have been used in traditional medicinal systems in several countries for their potential therapeutic properties, including pain relief, inflammation, fevers, microbial infections, diabetes, cancer, edema, bone fractures, and arthritis. This work presents a fascinating exploration of previous studies on Trevesia species, especially T. palmata , delving into their phytochemical constituents, biological activities, and toxicology, inviting you to uncover their potential further. This paper database meticulously compiles valuable data gathered from all accessible literature between 1842 and 2024 through a wide range of resources, including Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, and other scientific databases, ensuring a comprehensive and reliable overview of the research on Trevesia species. Various bioactive phytochemicals, such as triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, have been found in multiple parts of these plants. Chemotaxonomic investigations have revealed that the genus Trevesia may be closely related to the genera Aralia , Acanthopanax , and Hedera . Pharmacological studies showed that extracts and phytocompounds from T. palmata exhibit various biological activities, such as antiproliferative, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, analgesic, thrombolytic, and hepatoprotective activities. Moreover, numerous toxicological reports revealed the safety of the T. palmata plant. For the first time, this paper highlights the role of therapeutic effects and health benefits of Trevesia species in food and medicine while also providing an overview of the current study status and future prospects for Trevesia species, mainly T. palmata .