Assessment of the Therapeutic and Protective Effects of Fermented Ripe and Unripe Carica papaya Fruit Extracts on Histomorphological and Biochemical Alterations in Ibuprofen-Induced Esophageal Ulceration in Wistar Rats

The objective of this paper is to assess the therapeutic and protective effects of fermented ripe and unripe Carica papaya fruit extracts on histomorphological and biochemical alterations in ibuprofen-induced esophageal ulceration in wistar rats usin appropriate standard methods. Results revealed decrease in body weight compared to Control. Similarly, there was significant organ weight reduction. Biochemical analysis revealed that C. papaya fruit extracts significantly increased (p<0.05) the levels of SOD and catalase, and significantly decreased (p<0.05) in MDA level. Histological analysis showed normal structural arrangement, with hyperkeratosis and squamous hyperplasia in the control group. Ibuprofen treated group demonstrated severe squamous dysplasia, while pretreatment FRP and FUP groups, showed mild squamous dysplasia while the omeprazole group exhibited moderate squamous dysplasia. Ibuprofen when administered alone or accompanied by other drugs caused some form of gastroesophageal ulcerations which were ameliorated by the administration of fermented C. papaya fruit extracts.