Converging ontologies: On some similarities between the <i>Sāṃkhyakārikā</i> and Plotinus's <i>Enneads</i>

Abstract This article endeavors to conduct a comparative analysis between the philosophical systems of Plotinus and classical Sāṃkhya, two distinct philosophical traditions characterized by their substantial historical and cultural contexts. The primary aim of the study is to discern and evaluate the fundamental themes inherent in these philosophical systems. To facilitate this comparative exploration, the article employs Plotinus's seminal work, the Enneads , as the representative source for Neoplatonism, and Īśvarakṛṣṇa's Sāṃkhyakārikā , recognized as the earliest extant treatise within the Sāṃkhya tradition. This comparative analysis seeks to illuminate both the commonalities and divergences that exist between Neoplatonism and Sāṃkhya, thereby providing insights into their historical evolution, the influence of cultural factors, and the nuanced interplay between Eastern and Western philosophical traditions. It emphasizes the paramount importance of acknowledging the intricate philosophical potential within religious traditions and their intricate dialogues with philosophical discourse.