Successful Pregnancy Outcome of a Suspected Molar Pregnancy After a Trial of In Vitro Fertilization/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (IVF/ICSI): A Case Report and Literature Review

Twin pregnancy with a complete hydatidiform mole and a co-existing fetus (CHMCF) is a rare situation and may occur after using assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). These pregnancies are associated with severe maternal and fetal complications, and their management is challenging. Ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are commonly used tools for the diagnosis of suspected molar pregnancy. However, they are not 100% sensitive or specific, and pregnancy could end with a healthy baby. Histopathological examination is considered the gold standard for confirming the diagnosis of hydatidiform mole. Here, we describe a case with CHMCF after an intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) trial. A 36-year-old primigravida underwent two embryo transfers after an ICSI trial after a period of 14 years of primary subfertility. She was suspected of having one healthy intrauterine pregnancy and co-existing suspected molar pregnancy by US and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) level. After counseling, she decided to continue the pregnancy, and then she developed rising blood pressure and succeeded in delivering a healthy baby in the 37th week of gestation by elective cesarean section (CS). This case and literature review highlight that CHMCF may still occur even if the pregnancy was achieved by ICSI, and under close follow-up, successful outcomes could be achieved in such pregnancies.