Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities and Elemental Profile of Hymenochaetoid Mushroom Trichaptum abietinum (Agaricomycetes) Collected in Turkey

Mushrooms are organisms containing bioactive compounds that are widely used in food, medicine and ecological applications. In this study, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and antiproliferative activities, total phenolic content of Trichaptum abietinum, a saprotrophic fungus growing on coniferous trees, were investigated. Total phenolic content was determined as 19.773 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was measured as 75.680 mg trolox equivalents (TE)/g, FRAP reducing power as 92.880 mg TE/g. Total antioxidant status (TAS) was 3.811 mmol/L, TAS 7.459 μmol/L, and oxidative stress index 0.196. α-Amylase inhibition was determined as 0.67 mmol acarbose equivalent (ACE)/g, while α-glucosidase inhibition as 0.98 mmol ACE/g. Anti-cholinesterase activity was found as 94.58 μg/mL for acetylcholinesterase, 117.42 μg/mL for butyrylcholinesterase. Chemical analysis revealed Fe (625.60 mg/kg), Mn (43.84 mg/kg), Ni (1.31 mg/kg), Cr (20.38 mg/kg), Cd (6.53 mg/kg), Cu (119.72 mg/ kg), Pb (24.66 mg/kg), and Pb (4.27 mg/kg) levels. It was suggested that this mushroom could be a bioindicator for environmental monitoring. In cytotoxicity tests performed on A549 lung cancer cell line, it was determined that T. abietinum extracts showed dose-dependent anti-proliferative activity. The results obtained show that T. abietinum is a promising natural source in terms of antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and potential anticancer properties and reveal that further research is needed in terms of pharmacological applications.