The Effect of Settlement Areas on the Distribution of Wild Mammals: Case of Isparta

This study examines the effects of settlement areas on the distribution of wild mammals. The research was conducted in the central and surrounding settlements of Isparta province, focusing on the reasons why wild animals approach settlement areas and the consequences of these interactions. Using direct and indirect observation techniques, the distribution of wild animals and their interactions with settlement areas were mapped. The impact of human activities on wild animals was evaluated through factors such as habitat loss, fragmentation, and environmental pollution. The expansion of settlements and the increasing human population are narrowing the natural habitats of wild animals, causing them to turn to settlement areas to meet their food and shelter needs. Particularly, species such as wild boars (Sus scrofa) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) entering agricultural fields cause significant damage to farmers. The study proposes various strategies for managing human-wildlife conflicts. Measures such as the use of electric fences and raising public awareness can be effective in reducing these conflicts. Additionally, the adaptation and behavioral changes of wild animals were examined. Some species avoid areas with high human density, while others may continue to live in these areas by getting accustomed to human presence. The effects on the ecosystem and conservation strategies are also an essential part of the study. Creating protected areas and preserving the natural habitats of wild animals are crucial for the sustainability of ecosystems. This study provides significant findings for wildlife management and conservation strategies by examining the distribution of wild mammals and their interactions with settlement areas in the central and surrounding areas of Isparta province. These findings, tested for wider applicability in future studies, can contribute to more effective management of human-wildlife conflicts.