Evaluation of Land Suitability for Construction in the Turpan–Hami Region Based on the Integration of the MaxEnt Model and Regional Planning

Land resources are fundamental to regional economic development and ecological protection. As a critical tool for the scientific allocation of land resources, land suitability evaluation plays a pivotal role in achieving sustainable development goals. This study integrates the MaxEnt model with regional planning to conduct a multi-period evaluation of the construction land suitability in the Turpan–Hami region, aiming to elucidate the distribution patterns of suitability and their driving mechanisms across different historical periods. By synthesizing natural geographic and socioeconomic data, a comprehensive suitability evaluation framework was developed, enabling a multi-temporal analysis of construction land suitability from 2000 to 2023. The results revealed a clear trend of optimization in construction land suitability within the Turpan–Hami region, characterized by the continuous expansion of highly suitable areas and a significant reduction in unsuitable areas, with the regional suitability distribution becoming increasingly balanced over time. The population density, GDP, and road density were identified as the primary drivers of suitability distribution, with the population density exerting the most substantial influence. Among the natural environmental factors, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) imposed significant constraints on the land suitability, particularly in ecologically sensitive areas. This study innovatively applied the MaxEnt model to the evaluation of construction land suitability, integrating it with regional planning to comprehensively assess the spatial distribution and dynamic changes in land suitability in the Turpan–Hami region. Furthermore, this research aligns closely with policy frameworks, fully considering the impacts of ecological and agricultural protection constraints within regional planning policies on the suitability distribution, and it explores optimized land use strategies under policy guidance. The findings provide a robust scientific foundation for the efficient allocation of land resources and the enhancement of ecological protection in the Turpan–Hami region.