Three-Dimensional Printing Assisted Physician-Modified Fenestrated Endografts for Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair in Zone 1

Aortic arch aneurysm is a life-threatening cardiovascular disorder that requires timely medical intervention. Aneurysms in Zone 1 typically involve multiple branch arteries, making repair challenging. Open surgical repair often results in significant surgical trauma, massive blood loss, and prolonged operative time. With advancements in endovascular technology, fenestrated/branched thoracic endovascular aortic repair (F/B TEVAR) has been employed for aortic arch repair and branch artery reconstruction. Stent grafts for F/B TEVAR require personalized modification and fabrication based on patient anatomy. Physician-modified fenestrated endografts (PMEGs) offer a feasible approach for personalized aortic arch aneurysm repair in Zone 1. However, fabricating PMEGs demands a thorough understanding of anatomy and extensive experience, making it challenging for most surgeons. To simplify this process, three-dimensional printing is used to assist in precise fenestration. PMEGs guided by three-dimensional printing enhance branch artery patency and reduce post-operative endoleaks following F/B TEVAR. Further follow-up is necessary to assess the long-term benefits and efficacy of this technique.