3D Electromagnetic Signal Processing

In this paper, we investigate the dynamic scattering array (DSA), a versatile 3D structure capable of performing joint wave-based computing and radiation by moving the processing from the digital domain to the electromagnetic (EM) domain. We provide a general analytical framework for modeling DSAs, introduce specific design algorithms, and apply them to some use cases. The examples presented in the numerical results demonstrate the potential of DSAs to further reduce complexity and the number of radiofrequency (RF) chains in holographic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems while achieving enhanced EM wave processing and radiation flexibility for tasks such as beamforming and multi-user MIMO.