Electromagnetic Near-Field Codebook Design for General Antenna Arrays

Precoding codebooks facilitate efficient channel state information acquisition in high-dimensional MIMO systems. Most codebook designs, however, are agnostic to the antenna array composition and the underlying gain pattern profiles. We leverage an electromagnetic characterization of the antenna array manifold to generalize the codebook design problem. Specifically, we formulate the codebook design problem in a manner that incorporates polarization, near-field propagation and the antenna array characteristics. Our proposed approach is also flexible enough to adapt to different antenna types and even to heterogenous arrays. Our numerical results demonstrate that the electromagnetic-based codebooks achieve higher beamforming gains than approaches that neglect antenna effects.