Modern surgical approaches in the treatment of superficial venous thrombosis.

Annotation. Superficial vein thrombosis(SVT) is a common disease and includes the formation of thrombotic masses in the system of superficial veins, and this can occur both with the development of an inflammatory process in the surrounding tissues and without it. The purpose of our study was to analyze our own results regarding the use of minimally invasive surgical methods in the treatment of superficial venous thromboembolism, based on a previously developed strategy and tactics. We conducted a prospective cohort study to compare the results of conservative and operative treatment of acute thrombosis of the superficial veins of the lower extremities. The contingent of the study consisted of 78 patients who were being treated at the Vinnytsia Regional Clinical Hospital for the period from 1/04/2021 to 07/09/2024. The selection of patients for the study was carried out using a continuous method. Among the examined patients, two groups were distinguished. The first group, numbering 15 people, included patients who underwent conservative treatment of acute thrombosis using anticoagulant therapy in accordance with current clinical protocols and guidelines. The second group, numbering 63 people, included patients who underwent surgery for acute thrombosis. In the overwhelming number of interventions, 52 patients (55.5%) underwent miniphlebectomy with endovenous laser coagulation (EVLC), 3 (4.8%) miniphlebectomy and thrombectomy from the saphenous-femoral junction, 2 (3.2%) crossectomy of the great saphenous vein (GSV) and EVLC of the trunk of the GSV and in one case stripping of the GSV. The obtained data were processed using Fisher's exact test, non-parametric Mann-Whitney test, Shapiro-Wilk test at a significance level of 95% (p≤0.05). An important result of our study is the confirmation that no thromboembolic complications were detected in the postoperative period in patients who received conservative anticoagulant therapy and in patients who underwent surgery, which indicates the safety of surgery. Patients who underwent surgery not only had a significantly shorter average duration of treatment (2.1±2.6 days vs. 4.9±7.2 days, p<0.01), but also a significantly shorter maximum duration of inpatient treatment (17 days vs. 30 days). Thus, the obtained data convincingly indicate that the use of surgical intervention in acute thrombosis of the superficial veins of the lower extremities is an effective alternative to conservative treatment. Modern surgical interventions are associated with a low risk of complications, and allow to achieve a shorter duration of inpatient treatment.