Household costs associated with zoonotic Plasmodium knowlesi, P. falciparum, P. vivax and P. malariae infections in Sabah, Malaysia
Despite Malaysia's free health-system care for malaria, patients and families face other related medical, travel, and indirect costs. Household out-of-pocket costs were driven by productivity losses; primarily attributed to infections in working-aged males in rural agricultural-based occupations. Costs for P. vivax were higher than those of P. knowlesi and P. falciparum. This may be attributable to a younger age profile and the longer treatment required to clear the liver-stage parasites of P. vivax.
Authors
- Abdul Marsudi Manah
- Giri Shan Rajahram (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8123-476X)
- Nicholas M. Anstey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2192-0506)
- P. Abraham (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1239-1363)
- Timothy William (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2195-6736)
- Roddy Teo
- Matthew J. Grigg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9914-8352)
- Jenarun Jelip
- Angela Devine (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3321-8706)
- Campbell McMullin
- Chris Drakeley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4863-075X)
Institutions
- Ministry of Health (MY)
- Monash University Malaysia (MY)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Charles Darwin University (AU)
- Menzies School of Health Research (AU)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- Melbourne Health (AU)
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital (MY)
Publication Details
- Journal
- PLoS neglected tropical diseases
- Published
- 2025-04-04
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012180
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Malaria Research and Control
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.88
Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Health and Medical Research Council